MINERALS OF THE BIBLE
The science of mineralogy is very recent, and did not exist in ancient times. It becomes impossible to be certain that the name of a mineral used in the Bible is used with the same meaning in modern mineralogy.
The following metals are mentioned in the Bible: (a) Precious stones: agate (Ex. 28:19); amethyst (Ex. 28:19; Rev. 21:20); bdellium (Num. 11:7); beryl (Dan. 10:6); chalcedony (agate) (Rev. 21:19); carbuncle (Isa. 54:12); choral (Jb. 28:18); coralline (sardium) (Rev. 4:3); cornerina (Ez. 28:13);
chrysolite (Rev. 21:20); chrysoprasus (Rev. 21:20); diamond (Ex. 28:18); emerald (Ex. 28:18); hyacinth (Ex. 28:19); jasper (Ex. 28:13); onyx (Gen. 2:12); flint (Ex. 4:25); pearls (Jb. 28:18); rubies (Ex. 27:16); sardium (Ex. 28:17); topaz (Ex. 28:17); sapphire (Ex. 24:10). (b)
Metals: copper or “brass” (Gen. 4:22); dross (Ps. 119:119); tin (Num. 31:22); iron (Num. 31:22); gold (Gen. 2:11, 12); silver (Mt. 10:9); lead (Ex. 15:16). (c) Ordinary minerals: water; alabaster (Mt. 26:7); sulfur (Gen. 19:24); marble (1 Chron. 29:2).