PRINCE
There are sixteen Heb terms. which can be translated this way. The main ones are:
(a) “nasi”, “exalted one”, which is also translated as “ruler, captain, chief.” It is applied to the “princes of the congregation” (Josh. 9:15-21): these would be the heads of families in the various tribes;
(b) “sar”, “carry a rule”, thus applied to the heads of tribes, “heads of families”, which also has several translations; applied as princes to the satraps of the Persian empire (Est. 1:3-21).
In Daniel these same dignitaries are called “achashdarpenayya”, “satraps” (Dn. 3:2, 3, 27; 6:1-7). The term “sar” is also used for the Prince of Peace in Is. 9:6, and for the archangel Michael and the prince of Persia who opposed him, as well as for the prince of Greece (Dan. 10:13-21 ).
In the NT the term “prince” is a translation of: (a) “archêgos”, “author”, “Prince”, referring to the Lord Jesus (Acts 5:31); (b) “archipoimên”, “Prince of shepherds”, also referring to the Lord Jesus (1 Pet. 5:4);
(c) “archõn”, “prince” of demons (Mt. 12:24), “prince” of this world (Jn. 12:31; 14:30; 16:11), referring to Satan, also translated as “ruler”, “magistrate” and, referring to the Lord Jesus Christ, in Rev. 1:5: the “sovereign” of the kings of the earth.